Catholicism started to spread in Central Java when Frans van Lith, a priest from the Netherlands came to Muntilan in 1896. It was later designated a heritage site by the Surabaya government, but was demolished in May 2013 without warning as part of a mysterious real estate deal. The population of Indonesia according to the 2020 national census was 270.2 million. Great Potential for Digital Banks in Indonesia; Bridging Physical Distance with Branchless Banking, Government Regulation No. 14/1967, which effectively banned Chinese culture, including documents printed in Chinese, expressions of Chinese belief, Chinese celebrations and festivities, and even Chinese names. In some regions, people retained and continued their old beliefs. The hostility of the Dutch toward Catholicism is due to its history where the Protestant Dutch gained their independence after the Eighty Years War against Catholic Spain's rule. However, the figures are likely higher, since practitioners of Confucianism and Taoism, the latter of which is not considered an official religion, referred to themselves as Buddhists on the census. Besides Bali's beautiful countryside and beaches, this Balinese Hinduism is a major reason for tourists to visit the island. The results stated that 86.7% of Indonesians are Muslims, 10.72% Christians ( 7.6% Protestants , 3.12% Roman Catholic) , 1.74% Hindu , 0.77% Buddhists, 0.03% Confucians and 0.04% Others . Despite constitutionally guaranteeing freedom of religion,[10] the government recognises only six official religions: Islam, Christianity (Protestantism, under the label of "Kristen", and Roman Catholicism are treated separately), Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism. Religious minorities, especially those who face additional societal barriers, are experiencing rising levels of intolerance, communal violence and restrictions on fundamental freedoms in Indonesia. Religions. They include: Some lived in Semarang and Surabaya. In 2015, the Supreme Council for the Sikh Religion in Indonesia was founded. [1], Overview of the religion share in Indonesia, Religious composition by ethnic group (2010 Census), Cite error: The named reference "RELIGION" was defined multiple times with different content (see the. [122] Subsequent government attempts, particularly by the country's intelligence agency (BIN), in curbing radicalism has been called an attack on Islam by some sectarian figures. Several Ahmadi mosques were burnt in 2008. [91], The early Sephardi Jews establishment in the archipelago came from Portugal and Spain in the 17th century. Islam in Indonesia. For the Dutch, economic benefit rather than religious conversion were paramount, and missionary efforts avoided predominantly Muslim areas such as Java. [40], Shia Islam played an important role in the early period of the spread of Islam in North Sumatra and Java. Chinese Indonesians, who were mostly Confucianists, also faced similar circumstances. The policy resulted in a mass conversion, with most to Protestantism and Catholicism. The Tamil Indonesians in Medan represents another important concentration of Hindus. The history of Buddhism and Hinduism in Indonesia is highly intertwined. Now, an ongoing government census , … Some still exist in some parts of Indonesia as either pure or syncretic. In 2016, at a campaign stop during the capital city's gubernatorial election, Ahok stated some citizens would not vote for him because they were being "threatened and deceived" by those using the verse Al-Ma'ida 51 of the Qur'an and variations of it. Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, M Sairi Hasbullah, Nur Budi Handayani, Agus Pramono. In one incident in Madura, local villagers surrounded Shia houses and demanded they desist religious activities, but the crowd was dispersed by local leaders and clergy. [104], The most famous of the new religious movements in Indonesia are Theosophical Society,[105] Transcendental Meditation movement,[106] Falun Gong,[7] and originated in Indonesia Subud[107] and Eden community (Jamaah Alamulla). Kejawèn, while it connotes a turning away from the aggressive universalism of orthodox Islam, moves toward a more internalised universalism. On May 8, 2020, Indonesia’s Ministry of Manpower issued Regulation No. In 2006 the government, again, recognized Confucianism as one of the state's official religions. In the latest population census data, 87 percent of Indonesians declared themselves to be Muslim, followed by 9.87 percent who were Christian. [50], Protestants form a significant minority in some parts of the country. [96], The community is subject to a measure of government discrimination. Historically, immigration from the Indian subcontinent, mainland China, Portugal, the Arab world, and the Netherlands has been a significant contributor to the diversity of religion and culture within the archipelago. So… [113] Alexander's lawyers speculated that there were only around 2,000 atheists in Indonesia, but stated that it was difficult to estimate due to the threat of imprisonment for open atheism. [88][89], Muhammad Subuh saw the present age as one that demands personal evidence and proof of religious or spiritual realities, as people no longer just believe in words. [120], In 2017, the blasphemy trial of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) received international attention. By far the majority of the Indonesian population is Muslim. (The name Subud was first used in the late 1940s when Subud was legally registered in Indonesia.) Through it we can go on a leisure trip together. [13] The government often views indigenous beliefs as kepercayaan adat (custom) rather than agama (religion) or as a variant of a recognised religion. M/6/HI.00.01/V/2020 on the implementation of the payment of the religious holiday allowance ( Tunjangan Hari Raya – THR) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The only exception being the island of Bali. Unlike other religions, Confucianism evolved more into loose individual practices and belief in the code of conduct, rather than a well-organised community with a sound theology—akin to a way of life or social movement than a religion. Published by R. Hirschmann , Apr 29, 2020. [81][80] Therefore, the status of Confucianism during the New Order regime was never clear. 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[76], According to the 2010 census, roughly 0,7% of Indonesias are Buddhists, which takes up about 2 million people. 5/1969 was passed, restoring the official total of six religions. [50], The Council of Churches in Indonesia (CCI) is the sole umbrella for most Protestant churches. These spirits are believed to inhabit natural objects, human beings, artefacts, and grave sites of the important wali (Muslim saints). The clear majority of Indonesian Buddhists consist of the ethnic Chinese community. Every Indonesian is required to embrace one of these religions as it is mandatory personal data that is mentioned in official documents such as passports and other identification cards. Following an attempted coup in 1965 that officially blamed the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and an anti-communist purge, the New Order government attempted to suppress PKI supporters by making it mandatory to have a religion since PKI supporters were mostly atheists. By far the majority of the Indonesian population is Muslim. [123][124], Religion was a census variable in the 1961, 1971, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 census and in various intercensal surveys. Regarding Indonesia's recent history, one important turning point can be discerned. [2] The Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia has disputed this figure, who estimated as many as 18 million Hindus in the country. It also stipulates that the state shall be based upon the belief in "the one and only God" (a condition which also forms the first principle of the Pancasila, the Indonesian state philosophy introduced by Soekarno in 1945). Christianity was brought by German Lutheran missionary Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen who is known as the apostle to the Batak people and started the Batak Christian Protestant Church (Huria Kristen Batak Protestan). In many cases, some of the followers of these native beliefs might convert to Christianity or Islam, at least registered as such on their KTP while still upholding and performing their native beliefs. Kejawèn is generally characterised as mystical, and some varieties were concerned with spiritual self-control. [121] The Joko Widodo administration responded by banning the Indonesian chapter of Hizb ut-Tahrir. [84], However, "the branches/flows of beliefs" (Indonesian: aliran kepercayaan), including local new religious movements, are partly recognised according to a 2017 decision of the Constitutional Court. [63], Hinduism in Indonesia takes on a distinct tone from other parts of the world. Another Minister of Home Affairs directive in 1990 re-iterated the total of five official religions in Indonesia. There are six official religions recognized by the government — Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism. Several native tribal beliefs such as Sunda Wiwitan, Toraja Aluk Todolo, and Batak Parmalim — although different from Indian-influenced Balinese Hinduism — might seek affiliation with Hinduism to survive, while at the same time also preserving their distinction from mainstream Indonesian Hinduism dominated by the Balinese. [116], Nevertheless, the 2010 report to the United States Congress by the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom noted attacks against the Shia communities in Indonesia, particularly in East Java and Madura. Read more about Christianity in Indonesia. [8] There are also pro-Sharia movements in other parts of the country with overwhelming Muslim majorities. [12][13], Kejawèn (Javanese beliefs) or Kebatinan is an amalgam of animism, Hindu-Buddhist, and Islamic — especially Sufi — beliefs. The Indonesian constitution guarantees all people in Indonesia the freedom of worship, each according to his or her own religion or belief. [90], Dukun and pawang are Indonesians' terms for a shaman (the Malays in Indonesia use word bomoh). Before Hinduism and Buddhism arrived in the Archipelago, the indigenous population practiced forms of animism. The Foreign Ministry, along with the most prominent Islamic organisation in Indonesia, Nahdatul Ulama, held the International Conference of Islamic Scholars, to promote Islamic moderation, which is believed to reduce the tension in the country. [56], Other than Flores, Central Java also have significant numbers of Catholics. A number of ancestral animistic/polytheistic indigenous religions (Austronesian and Papuan ethnic beliefs) are present, which were dominant throughout the archipelago before the arrival of Dharmic and Abrahamic religions. [102], Apart from the orthodox, Sikhism in Indonesia represented the Sikh reformist movement Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB). [45] The community has had an influential history in Indonesia's religious development, yet in modern times it has faced increasing intolerance from religious establishments and physical hostilities from radical Muslim groups.