Though the queen had supported Jacques Necker’s return to power at the end of August 1788 and had approved of the concession of double representation to the Third Estate, her unpopularity was at its height when the Estates-General convened at Versailles in May 1789. At the end of May she seemed to have intervened little in politics, as she was distracted by the illness of her elder son, who died early in June. Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; November 2, 1755–October 16, 1793) was the queen of France, executed by guillotine during the French Revolution. Marie Antoinette was welcomed in France at first. Marie Antoinette, however, remains an enduring symbol, around the world and across history, of the extravagance of monarchy and aristocracy—against which revolutionaries define their ideals. Name: Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen, geboren als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich Geburtsdatum: 2. She was born on the same day as the famous earthquake of Lisbon. The royal family had been compelled to leave Versailles in 1789 and live in captivity in Paris. Her charisma and lightness contrasted with the withdrawn and uninspiring personality of her husband. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Sie gab Unmengen für Mode und ausgefallene Frisuren aus, während die … https://www.thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303 (accessed April 11, 2021). Marie Antoinette, formerly welcomed, became vilified for her spending habits and her opposition to reforms. war sie vom 10. Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. Marie-Antoinette, in full Marie-Antoinette-Josèphe-Jeanne d’Autriche-Lorraine (Austria-Lorraine), originally German Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen, (born November 2, 1755, Vienna, Austria—died October 16, 1793, Paris, France), Austrian queen consort of King Louis XVI of France (1774–93). Marie-Antoinette was queen of France from 1774 to 1793 and is associated with the decline of the French monarchy. It was ultimately her husband’s personal weakness and political nullity that forced Marie-Antoinette to play such a prominent political role during the Revolution. "Biography of Marie Antoinette, Queen Executed in the French Revolution." The role that she played in French internal and foreign policy between the accession of Louis XVI and the outbreak of the Revolution has probably been much exaggerated. In more than one sense, Marie-Antoinette was a victim of circumstance. In her youth, she was a pawn on the diplomatic chessboard of Europe, as France and Austria attempted to navigate the complex web of allegiances that shaped the continent in the wake of the Seven Years’ War. Reconstruction of the necklace that was at the centre of the scandal known as the Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1785). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Marie-Antoinette was the youngest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa. She was reviled by the French public for her lavish spending. After France declared war on Austria in April 1792, Marie-Antoinette’s continuing intrigues with the Austrians further enraged the French. She hoped for foreign intervention to end the revolution and free the royal family. Her unpopularity helped lead to the overthrow of the monarchy when Parisians stormed the Tuileries Palace on August 10, 1792, followed by the establishment of the First French Republic in September. ThoughtCo. November 1755 in Wien; † 16. Her rejection of reform provoked unrest, and her policy of court resistance to the progress of the French Revolution finally led to the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Early life and role in the court of Louis XVI, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Antoinette-queen-of-France, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Marie Antoinette, The World of the Habsburgs - Biography of Marie Antoinette, Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Marie-Antoinette, Marie-Antoinette - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Marie-Antoinette - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), What Pop Culture Got Wrong About Marie-Antoinette, Learn about the life of Marie-Antoinette and her execution by guillotine in 1793, Étienne-François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas, Uncover the reality behind Marie-Antoinette's famous phrase, “Let them eat cake”. "Biography of Marie Antoinette, Queen Executed in the French Revolution." Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat (1912–1980), französische theoretische Physikerin; Marie Antoinette von Ahlefeldt (1711–1764), deutsche Reichsgräfin und Priorin des Klosters Uetersen; Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen (1755–1793), Erzherzogin von Österreich, Königin von Frankreich Español : Retrato de la reina María Antonieta de Francia, 1775. Marie-Antoinette perpétuelle Nr. - Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen (1755-1793) Queen Königin France Frankreich Portrait Paris, Bligny 1770. Until her death, she supported the monarchy against reforms and against the French Revolution. April 1770 von ihrem Geburtsort Wien nach Versailles, wo sie als Marie-Antoinette die Gemahlin des späteren französischen Königs Ludwig XVI. Marie Antoinette was born in Austria, the 15th of 16 children born to Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. Her second son, the future Louis XVII, was born in March 1785. Mai 1774 an Königin von Frankreich und Navarra, nach der Französischen Revolution vom 4. Lewis, Jone Johnson. She never fully trusted Mirabeau, however, and the king refused to contemplate a civil war, which would have been the inevitable result of Mirabeau’s initial plans. Marie-Antoinette var en dronning af Frankrig. In 1774, when her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI, she became queen. Marie-Antoinette was guillotined in 1793 after the Revolutionary Tribunal found her guilty of crimes against the state. She urged her brother, the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, to intervene, and she supported a French declaration of war against Austria in April 1792, which she hoped would result in the defeat of France. The princess de Lamballe, who remained loyal to the queen throughout the Revolution, was imprisoned along with her. After an initial slow start at the expected role of child-bearer—her husband apparently had to be coached in his role in this—Marie Antoinette gave birth to her first child, a daughter, in 1778, and sons in 1781 and 1785. Durch Heirat mit dem Thronfolger Ludwig August wurde sie am 16. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. She was particularly disappointing to her brother, the Holy Roman Emperor, for her inability to further Austrian interests in France. Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; November 2, 1755–October 16, 1793) was an Austrian noble and French Queen Consort whose position as a hate figure for much of France helped contribute to the events of … Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Marie Antoinette (geb. The scandal discredited the monarchy and encouraged the nobles to vigorously oppose (1787–88) all the financial reforms advocated by the king’s ministers. She was only 14 when her parents had her married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France, for diplomatic purposes. Marie Antoinette war eine österreichisch-französische Adlige, Erzherzogin von Österreich und durch ihre Heirat mit Ludwig XVI. Mai 1770 Dauphine von Frankreich. In May 1790 the queen reached out to the comte de Mirabeau, a prominent member of the National Assembly who hoped to restore the authority of the crown. Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen und Dauphine von Frankreich. This incident was all the more unfortunate for the queen’s reputation because, since the birth of her daughter Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte in December 1778 and of the dauphin Louis in October 1781, she led a quieter and more conventional life. Marie-Antoinette was not, at that time, interested in politics except as a way of securing favours for her friends, and her political influence never exceeded that formerly wielded by the royal mistresses of Louis XV. By the time he ascended the throne in May 1774, Marie-Antoinette had withdrawn to seek companionship and distraction among a circle of favourites and politically vulnerable companions whom she might have avoided if her private life had been more satisfactory. Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; 2. Omissions? It was with the assistance of the Swedish count Hans Axel von Fersen, French aristocrat Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, and royalist general François-Claude-Amour de Bouillé that the plans were laid for the flight of the royal family to Montmédy, on the eastern frontier. Popular hatred of Marie-Antoinette contributed to the monarchy’s overthrow in 1792 and to her and Louis XVI’s subsequent imprisonment. 1789 beginnt die Entmachtung ihres Mannes, König Ludwig XVI. After a crowd stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789, the queen failed to convince Louis to take refuge with his army at Metz. Updates? Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution. Imprisoned with the king, Marie Antoinette continued to plot. The basis of their secret understanding with the queen was that, after the constitution had been revised so as to bolster the executive power of the king, it should be loyally accepted and implemented by Louis XVI. Marie-Antoinette wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich geboren. The 11th daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Marie-Antoinette was just 14 years old when she was married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of France’s King Louis XV, on May 16, 1770. Was mich interessiert war dieser Prozess Fair oder Unfair und würde sie zurecht zum Tode verurteilt oder war es ungerecht? Louis XVI was executed on orders from the National Convention in January 1793, and in August the queen was put in solitary confinement in the Conciergerie. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis XVI. von Frankreich, dieser wird 1793 hingerichtet, neun Monate später folgt ihm auch seine Frau, die Witwe Capet zum Schafott. Sie galt als höchst unbeliebt beim französischen Volk. The family was imprisoned in the Temple on August 13, 1792, and moved to the Conciergerie on August 1, 1793. The stigma of being a representative of Austria when a connection with Vienna was unpopular in France remained with her throughout her life. As a result, she became the main target of the popular agitators, whose animosity contributed to the legend that, on being told that the people had no bread, she callously remarked, “Let them eat cake!” (“Qu’ils mangent de la brioche!”). From birth, she lived the life of wealthy royalty, educated by private tutors in music and languages. She was brought before the Revolutionary tribunal on October 14, 1793, and was guillotined two days later. Durch Heirat mit dem Thronfolger Ludwig August wurde sie am 16. She is most known for supposedly saying "Let them eat cake," although the French quote translates more precisely as, "Let them eat brioche," and there is no proof that she said this. In October 1789, the royal couple was forced to move from Versailles to Paris. The French were also suspicious of her ties to Austria and her influence on King Louis XVI in attempting to foster policies friendly to Austria. Her efforts, for example, to secure the return to power of Étienne-François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, in 1774 were unsuccessful. She spent lavishly, but her extravagance was only a minor cause of France’s growing debt in the 1770s and ’80s. August 1792 Königin … Did Marie Antoinette say "Let Them Eat Cake"? They arranged for the king and queen to escape from Paris on the night of June 20, but Revolutionary forces apprehended the royal couple at Varennes (June 25) and escorted them back to Paris. Oktober 1793 in Paris) wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von … Discredited by the royal family’s failed escape, Marie-Antoinette attempted to shore up the rapidly deteriorating position of the crown by opening secret negotiations with the leaders of the constitutional monarchists in the Constituent Assembly, namely Antoine Barnave and Theodore and Alexandre de Lameth. They called for an escape to the interior of France and an appeal for royalist support in the provinces. The family made several attempts to escape, but all failed.
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